Abstract

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most prevalent form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. TNMB (tumor, lymph nodes, metastasis, blood) staging serves as the primary prognostic factor, significantly enfluencing treatment strategies. The objectives of MF therapy are tailored to each patient, focusing on achieving adequate responses to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of progression. Ongoing or maintenance therapies with low adverse effects are preferred to sustain disease control and enhance quality of life.

This review is based on the latest international treatment guidelines from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and the British Association of Dermatologists and U.K. Cutaneous Lymphoma Group.

In early-stage MF, SDT are effective, while systemic agents are required for early-stage refractory MF and advanced cases, including Sezary syndrome (SS). Biological and targeted therapies, as well as immunosuppressive treatments, are utilized in more severe cases, with new therapies for advanced disease currently under investigation in clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current treatment options for MF/SS, examining their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side effects, thereby guiding clinicians in optimizing patient care.